Mobile phone with internal accounting

ABSTRACT

A mobile phone system with a mobile phone having internal accounting capabilities for real time call debiting to account for the billing parameters of a mobile phone unit that is operated in a multi zone communication network with a complex rate structure, the mobile phone unit having an internal processor with accessible internal memory for storing the accounting program and call data for each call, a clock and circuit means for activating and deactivating the phone, the accounting program including an updatable rate table and a complex billing algorithm for calculating the account status on the fly including multiple rate structure factors such as long distance calls, international calls with country independent local charges, charges for roaming per day and/or roaming per minute, and call surcharges, where the account status of the mobile phone is calculated in real time for decrementing a debit account or calculating an account charge on demand, the mobile debit phone having a signal for alerting the user of account status which is preferably a display of real time account status, the mobile phone system including a communication system for activating and programming a new phone unit over the airways and upgrading the account status and rate table in the phone unit over the airways.

This application is a divisional of our application, Ser. No.08/381,704, filed Jan. 30, 1995 of the same title now U.S. Pat. No.5,577,100 issued Nov. 19, 1996.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a mobile phone system with a mobile telephoneaccounting protocol for mobile phones, and in particular to cellularphones and radio phones that are capable of moving from one transmissionstation to another in a communication network. In particular, the mobiletelephone accounting protocol is adapted for a mobile debit phone inwhich the communication traffic with the service provider is minimizedto expand traffic handling capacity of the service provider byaccomplishing the accounting procedures within each mobile phone unit.The mobile telephone accounting protocol is similar to that described inU.S. Pat. No. 5,325,418, which is incorporated herein by reference. Inthe referenced patent, an accounting system is described which hasparticular application to a rental phone system or a controlled phonesystem, such as an intra-corporate system where periodic calculation ofphone charges are made prior to receipt of billings from public orswitched service providers. In such systems, phone call data is storedin the mobile phone unit and charges are calculated by a host processorafter a dialogue is established between the host processor and the phoneunit. This system requires that a communication link be establishedbetween the host processor and the mobile phone unit and may requirethat the phone unit be physically connected to the host processor.

Although debit systems with internal debit and credit memory forcordless phones have been previously proposed such systems do notaccount for the particular complexities of mobile phone systems whereinmultiple service providers may be involved in a communication networkand the mobile phone is allowed to move or roam across defined zones orcells within a particular service area or across multiple service area.In such situations, the location of the mobile phone making the call isas important for billing calculations as the location of the phone orstations being called. This added complexity complicates billingprocedures for mobile phones and increases the communication sessionrequired for remote debit systems, thereby adding to airway traffic.

In addition to the objective of eliminating an accounting session with aservice provider for each call made, the mobile phone with internalaccounting capabilities greatly expands the potential customer base byenabling persons with inadequate credit to obtain mobile phone serviceby the use of a pay-as-you-go debit account. In this case, the creditrisk is avoided by prepayment of service and call charges, and wherecredit is extended permits the credit to be provided by an entity otherthan the service provider, for example by the seller of the phone, or bya billing service that provides credit or pre-paid accounts for mobilephone users.

The mobile phone unit of this invention can be used with a mobile phonerental system as described in reference U.S. Pat. No. 5,325,418. Becausethe mobile phone unit itself includes the accounting capabilities, therental system can be greatly expanded, allowing the return station tohave minimum system hardware, and indeed, requiring only the ordinaryequipment necessary to clear an account, collect the charges and storethe returned phone for pick-up or return to an initiating station. Themobile phone unit itself calculates the charges on the fly and providesa cumulative account record for review at the return station. The mobilephone system of this invention is adapted for analog or digital cellulartelephones, radiophones in personal communication service networks(PCS's) and other wireless communication systems where it is desirablethat call accounting be done on the fly.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The mobile phone system with mobile phones having internal accounting ofthis invention relates to wireless communication systems having mobilecommunication devices, particularly mobile telephones that are part of awireless communication network. In particular, the invention relates toa mobile communication device, such as a mobile telephone unit thatincludes an internal accounting protocol for internal calculation ofcommunication charges on the fly. Such mobile telephone units or mobilephone units are typically cellular telephones in a cellular phonenetwork, radio telephones in a personal communication service network orother communication system where the communication device is moveablefrom place to place and requires a complex accounting system forcalculating calling charges in real time or on the fly.

Although the primary intended use of the mobile phone system of thisinvention is intended for mobile debit phone units, where real timecalculation of phone charges is necessary to limit phone use or toimmediately bill for phone use where the billings of public switchedservice providers and involved wireless service providers are not yetavailable.

A real time accounting system carried internally in the mobile phoneunit greatly expands the potential customer base for such units andcoupled with certain activation and deactivation features allows a newsegment of business to become involved in the mobile communicationsindustry. Because credit responsibility can be shifted from the serviceprovider, retailers, billing services, and a host of intermediateentities can be integrated between the phone user and the serviceprovider. Additionally, the service provider can expand its customerbase by providing mobile debit phones to its customers with a pre-paidphone credit or with a preapproved credit limit that will deactivate thephone unit if credit is exceeded or credit is not extended by the airwayactivation and credit transfer procedures that form a part of thismobile phone system. In this manner, the credit risk is limited to anacceptable predefined level.

The accounting system that provides these features is carried internallyin the mobile communication device, for convenience, hereafter calledthe mobile phone unit. The accounting system includes a complex billingalgorithm with a multiple factor accounting protocol to account forlocal charges, roaming charges when the mobile phone unit moves from onezone to another, long distance charges, international charges includingcountry independent local charges, and surcharges which may be per callor rate based. The complex billing algorithm can be expanded toaccommodate special charges of service providers or called stations orspecial discounts or premiums for data transfer calls.

The complex algorithm is stored within the phone unit, together with arate schedule. The rate schedule may be periodically updated by awireless communication with a host or service provider.

It is to be understood that the mobile phone unit with internalaccounting can be implemented into existing wireless communicationnetworks without substantial modification to the network and can beimplemented into most existing mobile communication devices with minimalmodification, primarily by internal reprogramming of the device.

A mobile phone unit such as a cellular telephone currently includes aninternal processor and sufficient internal memory to incorporate theprogramming and data storage necessary to accomplish the real timeaccounting. The complex algorithm providing the multiple factoraccounting protocol is sufficiently compact that storage and processingof the call data is enabled in real time with sufficient accuracy toaccount for multiple charges from multiple service providers even for aroaming phone unit. The accounting protocol enables internal tracking ofphone usage with activation and deactivation of the phone unit to insureunauthorized usage is prevented. The accounting protocol furtherincludes an encryption system to permit activation and licensed use ofthe phone unit, and account credit transfers on the fly over theairways.

These and other features of the mobile phone system with internalaccounting in the mobile phone units will become apparent uponconsideration of the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodimentsthat follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the components of the mobile phoneaccounting system of this invention with part of the system shownschematically.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the basic internal components of a mobilephone unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, the mobile phone accounting system of thisinvention is designated generally by the reference numeral 10, andillustrates a stand-alone, tracking and accounting unit 12 that may beused by a rental agency or by a mobile phone dispensing center such as aretail store, or a center associated with a wireless service provider.

The tracking and accounting unit 12 includes a central processing unit14 that combines a data entry keyboard 16 coupled to a controller ordata processor 18, which in turn is coupled to a monitor 20 having adisplay screen 22 for tracking data entry and review. Also connected tothe processor 18 are peripheral components including a printer 24, herewith a continuous paper roll 26 for printing statements, receipts,customer and service provider contracts, and the like, and a credit cardreader 27 for credit verification.

Included in one embodiment of the tracking unit 18 of the mobile phoneaccounting system is direct couple, interlink receiver 28, shown with aninstalled hand-held, mobile phone unit 30. The interlink receiver 28structurally forms a boot 32 into which the cellular phone unit 30 isinserted for direct, electronic coupling of the phone unit 30 and thedata processor 18 of the central processing unit 14. As many of theaccounting functions of the accounting system are preferred internallyin the phone unit 30, satellite processors for activating andprogramming phone units require only a personal computer with a modemand a bus connect to the connection port of the phone unit.

In the arrangement of FIG. 1, the interlink receiver functions as aterminal interconnect allowing for direct “hard wire” communicationbetween the data processor 18 and the mobile phone unit 30 through theconnection port of the phone unit 30. Programming and activation of thephone unit 30 can be accomplished by the processing unit 14 through theinterlink receiver with minimal security procedures. The processing unit14 is particularly useful in opening new customer accounts and includesthe necessary data base format for assigning a phone to a user andtracking the assigned phone as described in detail in co-pendingapplication, entitled, “MOBILE PHONE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM,” Ser. No.08/265,373, filed Jun. 23, 1994.

The mobile phone unit 30 is preferably a contemporary unit with an LCDdisplay screen 32 for display of phone numbers, account data, and othernumeric or alphanumeric data. Additionally, the phone unit 30 includesone or more light emitting diodes 34, to signal a user with color codedlights during a call that an impending deactivation of the phone unit 30is near. The phone unit 30 includes conventional circuitry and firmwareto perform the customary communication, transmission and receptionfunction, as shown in FIG. 2. The phone unit 30 has a transceiverantenna 36 for wireless communication, and as described hereafter, canbe activated and programmed over the airways.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the central processing unit 14 includes amodem 38 that is linked to a transmission station 40 for establishing awireless communication link to a phone unit 30 a, shown with its antennaextended for reception. The transmission station 40 may be part of themobile phone system common to the central processing unit 14 and ownedby the system provider, or may be owned by an external service providerand part of the external communications network that includes the publicswitching network.

In this mode of operation, the central processing unit 14 communicatesvia hardwire, possibly through a public service network to the RFtransmission station 40 for remote processing between the centralprocessing unit 14 and the mobile phone unit 30 a. Alternately, a lowlevel transceiver 42, preferably with control circuitry located withinthe interlink receiver 28, provides for RF communication with the phoneunit 30 a within local range. This feature is useful in retail centerswhere it is desired that the central processing unit 14 be located in acomputer room and sales clerks communicating with a customer,communicate to the central processing unit through one or more floorterminals with limited processing capabilities for security reasons.

Since the mobile phone unit 30 includes the necessary accountingfunctions to internally maintain a user's call account, at least withina rental period or within a period of periodic polling by the centralprocessing unit 14 during off hours, the unit 30 and a transactionstation 44 need only verify the validity of a money transfer or credittransfer. When functioning as a debit phone, the phone can continue tooperate until the account is exhausted, without contact with the systemprovider. The transaction station 44 shown in FIG. 1 includes aninterlink receiver boot 46 in which is installed a mobile phone unit 30b. The transaction station 44 includes a cash receiving slot 48 forreceiving cash for increasing the internal pre-paid account of thephone. The transaction station 44 also includes a card slot 50 forreceiving pre-paid phone cards or credit cards and a key pad 51 for dataentry. Verification of the value of phone cards and credit card may beaccomplished by a stand alone transaction station 44, however, toprevent fraud it is preferred that a transaction station 44 having acard reader be connected by a communication line 52, as shown, to creditverification center, here the central processing unit 14 via the modem38. The phone card is a discardable credit card-like device having amagnetic strip coded with a pre-paid amount and can be soldindependently of the phone system. To prevent reuse of dispensed cardsby reprogramming the magnetic strip, the card is voided upon use, andthe card serial number is centrally logged as void.

Similarly, to provide an opportunity for a credit card verification, theuse of a direct communication line 52 to the modem 38 or alternately toa local credit agency is preferred. The transaction station 44 alsoincludes a key pad 54 allowing a user to select the amount to be addedto the internal account in the phone. In this manner, where the mobilephone user desires to increase his phone use account amount without adialogue with the system provider, there is an opportunity to do so. Thecall data in the phone unit is dumped to the transaction station orcleared to permit the accumulation of new data related to the upgradeaccount. Alternately, where an account has been established with thesystem provider, which may be an entity different from the wirelessservice provider with whom the system may contract, the mobile phoneuser may request an increase in the internal debit account by contactingthe system provider through the airways as shown by the phone unit 30 ain FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 2, a generalized electronic schematic is shown of thetypical mobile phone unit 30 used in the system here described. Thephone unit 30 includes a processor 56 that acts as a controller tocoordinate the functions of the unit 30. The processor 56 has anassociated memory comprising an EPROM chip 58 which stores the firmwarethat forms the core operating code of the unit and one or more RAM chips60, that provide programmable memory and may include command codes aswell as data storage, for example for logging the call data. Also,closely associated with the controller is a clock chip 64, whichprovides a timer for calls. In the preferred mobile phone unit 30, theclock chip is a real time chip that provides time and date for improvedcall logging and for greater flexibility in phone use plans. Use of areal time clock chip is not required for the described mobile phoneaccounting system, but allows for full use of the logging and trackingfeatures. Additionally, certain features such as deactivation of thephone on a set date is accomplished using a real time clock chip. Callcounters and cumulative time limits for deactivation may be served by atimer chip.

Airway communication is provided through the antenna 36, which isconnected to an RF transceiver connected to the processor 56 and to ananalog audio circuit 68 with an ear phone output 70 and a microphoneinput 72. The audio circuit 68 is also connected to the processor 56 foraudio output of touch-tones, warning signals and the like. The phoneunit 30 includes DTMF decoder chip 72 and a keypad 76 for data entry,such as telephone numbers, and DTMF signals for code dialogues with thecentral processor over the airways. Preferably, the phone unit 30includes a LCD display screen 33 as noted and a series of green, yellowand red LEDs 34 to visibly warn of a forced termination of a callbecause of loss of credit of the like, with yellow providing a fiveminute warning light, for example. Audio warnings are transmittedthrough the earphone 74. The phone unit 30 is powered by a battery pack78.

Ordinarily, by displacing certain features in a manufacturer's stockphone unit, such as the storage of frequently called numbers in acellular phone, the RAM is sufficiently large to accept the complexbilling algorithm and the command set necessary to convert a cellularphone to a real time billing phone. Where the existing RAM isinadequate, modification by installation of additional RAM or ROM willallow incorporation of the conversion code and data. For example, in anewly designed phone, the new auxiliary firmware in including parts ofthe complex billing algorithm and much of the command set, couldadvantageously be allocated to ROM, with changeable data such as therate tables and call log allocated to RAM. Alternately, all wirelessauxiliary firmware and changeable data can be allocated to existing RAMor added RAM.

The phone unit 30 when received from the manufacture includes a fixedESN (electronic serial number) unique to each phone. To be functional,the phone unit is programmed and this may be accomplished individually,as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,325,418 or in batch mode as described inthe referenced application. The existing ESN and GIM (groupidentification mark) are read and stored and the NAN (number assignedmodule) is run, assigning the MIN (mobile identification number), SID(site identification number) and other parameters to activate a phoneunit for general use. The MIN is the assigned telephone number for theunit and should be one of the last numbers assigned, if step programmingis accomplished to preserve a working inventory of available MINs. Stepprogramming may be desired where a batch of phones are programmed andassigned to a service provider identified by SID, which then assigns aphone to a customer at the service provider's location.

Customarily, the phones are programmed by installing the phone unit inan interlink receiver 28 in the central processor unit 14 or at a remoteterminal connected to the central processor unit. The phone unit 30 canalternately be activated and programmed on the fly by use of the pagingcapabilities of the phone unit via the DTMF signals as describedhereafter. This feature allows remote programming of the phone over theairways via the transmission station without the necessity of the directconnection of the phone port connector to the central processor unit 14.

In the mobile phone system of this invention where the mobile phone unithas internal accounting capabilities, the phone unit is programmed withthe code responsive to the command set, the complex billing algorithm,the license code and other parameters allowing the phone unit to be aperiodically polled unit, for example, in a rental environment, or adebit unit, where account status can be determined and upgraded on thefly. The following table, Table I, lists the command set. The commandset is suitable for most modern cellular type phones and it isunderstood that modifications may be required for phone units ofdifferent types or different manufacturers. As noted, certain commandsmay not be operational where the hardware includes a clock chip thatdoes not provide real time and date, and suitable modification isrequired.

TABLE I DESCRIPTION BASE COMMANDS RD_PHONE_NUMBER Read the telephone'sphone number RD_PHONE_CALLS Read the telephone's call data activitystorage RD_PHONE_TIME Read the current time from the phone WR_PHONE_TIMESet the current time of the phone RD_PHONE_RTB Read the phone's softwarerevision number LOCK_PHONE Lock the phone from use UNLOCK_PHONE Unlockphone for use RD_CALL_COUNTER Read the number of calls made during theperiod RD_COMMAND_STATUS Read status of last command issuedRESET_CALLS_MEMORY Reset/erase the call activity storage dataRESET_CALLS_COUNTER Reset the call counter to 0 RESTRICT_ILLEGAL_CALLSRestrict all illegal calls ENABLE_ALL_CALLS Deactivate the callrestriction RD_TELEPHONE_ESN Read the phone's electronic serial numberWR_NAM Write NAM parameters to the phone RD_NAM Read the current NAMparameters from the phone WR_SCRATCH_PAD Store a small amount of data inthe phone RD_SCRATCH_PAD Read the small amount of data from the phoneWR_LOCK_DATE The date at which the phone will no longer functionRD_LOCK_DATE Read the lock data from the phone REGISTRATION Systemprovider registers itself for use with the phone. (Password istransmitted) DEBIT COMMANDS WR_CONF_DATA Write debit configuration datato the phone RD_CONF_DATA Read the configuration data from the phoneWR_DOLLAR_AMOUNT Write the maximum dollar amount the phone can be usedRD_DOLLAR_AMOUNT Read the maximum dollar amount from the phoneDO_CALL_TRACKING Turn on call tracking NO_CALL_TRACKING Turn off calltracking DO_DEBIT_MODE Turn on debit mode billing NO_DEBIT_MODE Turn offdebit mode billing ENABLE_AIR_ACTIVATION Turn on over the air debitactivation of funds DISABLE_AIR_ACTIVATION Turn off over the air debitactivation of funds OTHER RESPONSES ACK Acknowledgement NAK Could notunderstand HOST/PP or Invalid LRC OTHER INTERACTIVE COMMANDS USING THEPHONE KEY BOARD UPDATE_DEBIT_DATA1 Update, over the air, the currentadditional dollar amount and date of expiration referencing theTelephone License Number VIEW_CURRENT_AMOUNT View the current dollaramount left for debit UPDATE_DEBIT_DATA2 If for some reasons the “overthe air” updating of the debit data cannot be successfully completed,the user can be given a license number to manually type in using thekeypad via this function

A suggested protocol for the command set in Table I uses the acronyms inthe following table:

TABLE II Acronyms Description HOST A systems operator's PersonalComputer will be considered the host PP The phone unit will beconsidered the Phone Peripheral DB A Data Byte CB A Command Byte CTI ACellular Telephone Interference ACK An Acknowledgement from the phoneunit NAK The PP or HOST did not understand the last set of dataretrieved BCD Binary Coded Decimal

The host computer comprises the central processing unit 14 of FIG. 1 ora satellite computer that is preferably connected to the centralprocessing unit 14 which acts as a hub for system wide coordination ofaccounting and tracking information. The host computer, which may be atypical higher end PC communicates to the phone units via a bus using astandard Asynchroneous RS-232 serial port at 9600 band, no parity, 1stop bit, 8 data bits or a customized interface tailored to a particularmanufacturer's phone unit. Where programming the initial activation of aphone unit over the airway, the initial dialogue is accomplished usingDTMF signals. A factory phone has limited calling capability, typically911 for emergency. The factory phones are preprogrammed to allow anadditional dedicated 800 number, the number of the system providerservice center. Once the connect is made by voice dialogue, the phone isswitched to page mode and the service operator initiates the STMF codeprogram. The ESN is checked by the HOST and if verified as an authorizedphone for assignment by the HOST, the NAM parameters are programmed tothe phone unit (PP). The programming of the phone as an internalaccounting phone is also accomplished using DTMF signals. Because ofsecurity reasons, it is preferred that the phone unit programmed throughthe bus by direct connection as previously described.

A suggested data format for the command set listed in Table I is setforth in the following paragraphs:

RD_PHONE_NUMBER

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends DBS+LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check)

Data From Phone:

DBs is an ASCII string representation of the MIN. eg. 5108382400

LRC Calculation

The LRC, Longitudinal Redundance Check, is calculated by the followingalgorithm:

b=0×00

LOOP I=0 to length of data b=b XOR data[I]

LRC=b

The LRC is used when any data bytes, DB, are sent to the PP or form thePP

RD_PHONE_CALLS

HOST an PP Interaction:

HOST sends RD_CALLS_COUNTER to PP

PP sends back DB for the call counter to HOST

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends back all call data to HOST followed by an LRC byte(Longitudinal Redundancy Check) (The bytes coming back would be numberof calls * 17+1 for the LRC)

WR_PHONE_TIME

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB+DB(4)+LRC to PP (The LRC would include the CB)

PP sends back an ACK to HOST

Data sent to phone:

The CB, RD_PHONE_TIME, is sent followed by 4 bytes containing theMMDDHHMM in BCD. The month, day, hour and minute are each in the form ofa BCD byte

Example:

eg. for Jan. 1, 1980 at 1 pm the DB would look like 01011300 where 01,01, 13 and 00 are all bytes

RD_PHONE_TIME

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends back a DB(4)+LRC to HOST

Data sent form phone:

The data sent from the phone is identical to the data sent to the phonein WR_PHONE_TIME

Example:

eg. For Feb. 2, 1999 at 2:12 pm the DB bytes would look like 02021412etc . . .

RD_PHONE_RTB

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends back its firmware revision number in some format relevant tothe phone+LRC

Data sent from phone:

TBD. Specific to the manufacturers phone

LOCK_PHONE

When the phone is in “locked” mode, the phone should display the word“LOCKED” on the main viewing screen. The phone is completely deactivatedwhile in this mode until the HOST issues the UNLOCK_PHONE command. Thepurpose of this mode is to secure the phone in between rentals ordebit-rentals. While in this mode, it prevents users, or employees, fromstealing air time. Also, if the phone is stolen while in this mode, thephone is worthless. This worthlessness provides a sense of security forthe supplier of the phones.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP send back an ACK to HOST

UNLOCK_PHONE

This mode is just opposite the LOCK_PHONE or “LOCKED” mode. In thismode, the phone is completely usable.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

RD_CALL_COUNTER

This comment allows the HOST to read the current number of calls thathave been made on this phone during this rental. From there, the HOSTcan use this as data to present to the user and use this data todetermine the number of bytes the phone will send when issued theRD_PHONE_CALLS command.

Host and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends DB(2)+LRC to HOST

The two data bytes are 16 bits from most significant bit to leastsignificant bit. These two bytes represent the number of calls that havebeen made on the telephone.

The last, or third byte, is and LRC.

RD_COMMAND_STATUS

At any point during the PP interrogation by the HOST, the HOST can issuethis command byte, CB, to determine the state of the last command sent.Even though ACK's and LRC's are used, this provides a general statuscheck on the PP.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP+LRC

PP sends back DB(2)+LRC to HOST

Data Sent From PP:

The DB byte sent from the phone can be used to diagnose internalproblems that have occurred in the phone. If the last command and thecurrent state of the phone is good, the DB should be 0×01. The rest ofthe bytes values can be left up to the manufacturer to decide what phonespecific information can be returned via this byte.

RESET_CALL_MEMORY

If the DO_CALL_TRACKING has been turned on during a rental period, thephone will have been storing call data in memory blocks of 17 bytes percall. This commence is used to either clear the memory or simply reset apointer in memory to the call data.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP+LRC

PP sends an ACK to HOST

RESET_ILLEGAL_CALLS

The service provider has created a small algorithm that lets a phoneperform call restriction. This feature allows the service provider todisable segments of the numbers or whole numbers right at the source;the phone.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB+DB(63)+LRC to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

Data Sent From Host:

KL = Key length, digit count to use for the search 1 byte KEY = Theactual digits for the search 7 bytes ODS = Offset from the end of thedigit string to 1 byte  search  Total: 9 bytes

The total number of numbers to block is 7 which gives us 7*9=63 bytes ofconfiguration data.

ENABLE_ALL_CALLS

This command disables the call restriction feature. If this command hasbeen issued to the phone, then step 2.0 and 2.1 are executed in the callrestriction algorithm. On the other hand, if the RESTRICT_ILLEGAL_CALLSis issued to the phone with the configuration data, the phone would beplaced in call restriction mode.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP+LRC

PP sends ACK to HOST

RD_TELEPHONE_ESN

The HOST requests the ESN and the phone transmits the ESN to the HOST.THe ESN is the only non changeable part in the NAM that phones can betracked by.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends DB(x)+LRC to HOST

Data Sent to HOST:

The data that is sent to the HOST is dependent on the format themanufacturer is using.

WR_NAN

Writing the NAM via the HOST provides some benefits which are:

1. Miss-programming by employees which leads to bad service;

2. Fraud prevention in that the phone can only be programmed via thiscommand; therefore, this deters an individual from simply stealing arental phone and getting service somewhere else;

3. Safely and effectively moving hones from place to place; and

4. No training is required at the rental/debit site to activate thetelephone.

The following are a general list of parameters that would need to beprogrammed in an analog cellular phone:

MIN, Mobile Identification Number

SID, System ID (A side is a while the B side is an even number)

GIM, Group Identification Mark/ID (Typically 0-15)

LUM, Local Usage Mark (0 or 1)

EX, Min Class (0 or 1)

ACCOLC, Access Overload Class (0+last digit of the MIN)

LOCK, The User's Lock Code

SS, The System Select (A-Only, B-Only, or Standard A-B/B-A mode)

ICPH, Initial Paging Channel (334 B, 333 A)

HOST and Interaction:

HOST sends CB+DB(X)+LRC to PP

PP sends ACK to HOST

Data Sent To PP:

The NAM data is somewhat standardized, however, each phone manufacturerusually has a built in protocol for doing just this.

RD_NAM

The RD_NAM, or read NAM, function just the opposite of WR_NAM or writeNAM. Again, this is typically already setup in a manufacturers phone.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends DB(X)+LRC to HOST

WR_SCRATCH_PAD

This “scratch pad” memory is a segment of memory that the systemprovider can use to store important information in the phone. Thisinformation can be credit information, rental information or multi-sitedrop off information. By having the ability to store a small amount ofdata in the phone, the system provider can open the doors to many newfeatures. This also provides the system provider with the ability toallow for future updates in the software that can take advantage of thismemory. Any size up to 1K, 1024 bytes is adequate.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB+DB(X)+LRC to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

RD_SCRATCH_PAD

This is just the opposite of WR_SCRATCH_PAD. With this command, thephone would send the “scratch pad” memory to the HOST.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends DB(X)+LRC to HOST

WR_LOCK_DATE

Creates the ability to tell the phone to shut off at some date.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB+DB(3)+LRC to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

Data Sent To PP:

The data date format is slightly different in that it contains no timeinformation and does contain year information. The BCD format YYMMDD.

Example:

Jul. 21, 1968 would be 680721

RD_LOCK_DATE

This is just the opposite of WR_LOCK_DATE. This is used to verify orfind out what the current lock date is in the phone.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB to PP

PP sends DB(3)+LRC to HOST

Data Sent To Host:

The data DB(3) is a date in the format described in WR_LOCK_DATE.

REGISTRATION

This REGISTRATION command acts as a security feature for the phonemanufacturer and the system provider. Before any HOST and PP interactioncan occur, the HOST must send this command followed by the password.From that point on, any command issued should work. If this command hasnot been issued, then the PP should not respond to any HOST commands.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB+DB(16)+LRC to PP

PP sends DB(16)+IRC to HOST

Data sent to PP

The data password may be a default password selected by the systemprovider.

Data sent to HOST:

The data in then echoed back to the HOST. This helps show therelationship between the system provider and a customer such as atelephone vendor.

WR_CONF_DATA

This is the configuration structure that contains all the necessaryparameters for providing a debit service. This data includes items suchdialing information, relates and other configuration information,including the complex billing algorithm that permits internal accountingwithin the phone unit. Once this data is in place and the DO_DEBIT_MODEcommand is given, the phone will begin using this information to processcall charges.

RD_CONF_DATA

This command will read back the configuration data that was written byWR_CONF_DATA.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST Sends a CB to PP

PP sends DB(X)+LRC to PP

Data From Phone:

This data (DB(X) is the size of the data structure discussed inWR_CONF_DATA. This may vary depending on implementation and phonerestrictions. Following the data, there should be an LRC.

WR_DOLLAR_AMOUNT

This command is used to update the current dollar limit in the phone.Since this is a single command there stands great risk for fraud. Sothere is a bit of extra data that helps deter fraud built in.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends CB+LICENSE NUMBER+LRC to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

Data sent to phone:

The HOST will send a CB then a valid license number followed by an LRC.This license number is the same license number that is transmitted “overthe air” to the phone or manually imputed via the key pad.

RD_DOLLAR_AMOUNT

This command returns the current dollar amount in the phone.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends DB(2)+LRC to HOST

Data sent to host:

The DB(2) data in the two bytes of dollar data with the Most Significantbit first and Least Significant bit last.

Example:

DB(2)=00 02 which would translate to the value 2.

DO_CALL_TRACKING

This command turns on the call tracking feature. If the phone is in calltracking mode, the phone will save, see the RD_PHONE_CALLS command, allcalls made so that they may be used to bill the user at a later time.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

NO_CALL_TRACKING

This command turns on the call tracking feature. This command is usefulwhen the supplier of phones wishes to leave a phone out in the field forlong or indefinite periods of time. This command might be used insetting up debit phones at the factory or distribution center so thatthey would be ready for the retail market.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

DO_DEBIT_MODE

This command tells the phone to begin the processing and using theWR_CONF_DATA and WR_DOLLAR_AMOUNT's data. When this mode is active, thephone begins to watch each phone call during debiting money's as thephone is in use. Based on the configuration data supplied byWR_CONF_DATA the phone would decrement the WR_DOLLAR_AMOUNT each minuteas the phone is in use.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

NO_DEBIT_MODE

This command tells the phone not to do debit processing. This will mostlikely be used whenever a customer wants to track calls of a user on aperiodic basis as in a rental situation. Again, if call tracking is onand this command is issued, calls are only tracked and the phone shouldlock when the memory is full.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

ENABLE_AIR_ACTIVATION

The reasons the commands ENABLE_AIR_ACTIVATION and DISABLE_AIRACTIVATION is for a customer that doesn't want over the air debitactivation for its client users. By turning off the air activation, thecustomer has less room for fraud. This feature old also be used increating a value added telephone or different models of the same phoneetc . . .

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

DISABLE_AIR_ACTIVATION

When this command is sent to the phone, the phone will no longer acceptdebit updates via DTMF tones. The only way a phone could then receive anupdate is via the keypad or via a self-service transaction station.

HOST and PP Interaction:

HOST sends a CB to PP

PP sends an ACK to HOST

When the foregoing command set has been implemented to establish theinterface protocol between the HOST, here the central control unit 14,and the PP, here the mobile phone unit 30, the phone unit is programmedto respond to the HOST and to limited user commands as noted. Thecommand set allows for a communication dialogue between the centralcontrol unit or its surrogate, and the phone unit.

When the WR_CONF_DATA command is executed, the phone unit is loaded withthe necessary data and code, including the complex billing algorithm toenable the phone unit to function as a debit phone upon entering andexecution of the DO_DEBIT_MODE command.

The complex billing algorithm factors the multiple variables of atelephone call from a mobile phone into a billing equation thatvirtually mirrors the factors considered by public switched networkproviders and involved wireless service providers, (of which there maybe more than one involved in a single call). The resultant call chargeaccurately approximates the summation of real charges that will bebilled by the involved providers enabling an instant calculation ofcharges. Naturally, any error bias is programmed to favor the accountingsystem provider to minimize potential under billing. By incorporating arate table in the phone unit 30, dialogue with the system provider,which may be a separate entity from the wireless service provider, isthereby avoided. Since the rate table used by the complex billingalgorithm may change at any time, the mobile phone system of thisinvention provides for over the air updating of the internal rate tablein each phone unit at the initiation of the system provider. Each phoneunit may be polled and updated by the system provider during off-hours.Preferably, the updated rate table is coded when the user applies for anincrease in the internal phone account.

In describing the complex billing algorithm, the acronyms in Table IIIare used.

TABLE III Acronyms BIT 1 bit of data (Used as a flag) BYTE 8 bits ofunsigned type (Like an unsigned char in C language) INT 16 bits ofunsigned type (Like an unsigned short int in C language) BYTE[#] Is a #of Bytes (Like a storage buffer) DECIMAL Up to 32 bits (Like a float inC/ Just a decimal number) RECORD A collection of the above types

The call record configuration structure that enables the billing data tobe established for calculation of charges is set forth in TABLE IV.

TABLE IV RECORD of configuration data { //This data will tell the phonehow to bill calls in any country in the world BYTE Maximum InternationalDigits BYTE Minimum International Digits BYTE Maximum Long DistantDigits BYTE Minimum Long Distant Digits BYTE Maximum Local Digits BYTEMinimum Local Digits BYTE[7] International Access Code BYTE[7] LongDistance Access Code BYTE Is long distance access code always required?BYTE[7] Third party prefix/Operator/Calling Card Digits //LocatorInformation INT[5] 5 Home SIDs of the phone (Provides seamiess roamingetc...) INT[5] 5 Home area codes of the phone (Provides computability incongested areas) //Rate Information DECIMAL Base access per minutecharge (Applies to all calls) DECIMAL Additional long distance perminute charges DECIMAL Additional international per minute chargesDECIMAL Additional roaming per day charges DECIMAL Additional roamingper minute charges DECIMAL Additional operator assistance charges,calling card or third party billing, or call surcharge for call content//Other Information BYTE Base billing delay BYTE[3] By YYMMDD date, thephone will lock and display “DATE - LOCKED” BYTE[7] Non billed area code(Expanded to handle 7 digit long distance for third worlds) BYTE[3]YYMMDD is the last date this phone was roaming on BYTE[5] [11] A blockof 5 non billed phone numbers to call (ie.. 911 and any other userdefined) INT[20] A block of 20 random numbers [1000,9999] if value forlicense number decoding }

The configuration data for the foregoing record fields is explained asfollows:

Maximum International Digits—This is the maximum length of a country'scountry code. For instance, the U.S.A. has a country code of 1 whileVenezuela has a country code of 58. If these were the only two countriesin the world, then the maximum international digits would be 2. Thisisn't the case and we typically have this set at either 3 or 5 dependingon the billing demand.

Minimum International Digits—This is the minimum length of a countrycode. this will, in almost all cases, be set to 1.

Maximum Long Distance Digits—This is the maximum length of a city's areacode. This varies greatly in third world countries. Here in the U.S.A.this will always be set at 3 because all area codes are a length of 3.However, some countries area codes range from 1 digit up to 5 or moredigits.

Minimum Long Distance Digits—This is just the opposite of the maximumfor long distance. Again, for the U.S.A. this will always be set to 3but will vary outside the U.S.A.

Maximum Local Digits—This is the maximum length of digits it takes tocall a local number. Here in the U.S.A. it is fixed at 7. However, thisvaries greatly in other countries.

Minimum Local Digits—This is the minimum length of digits it takes toplace a local call. This varies greatly even if you are in the U.S.A.This can be used to create different effects in billing. However,because of the scope of the debit phone, this will most likely always beset to 0 or the U.S.A. only. (0 would account for an incoming call)

International Access Code—This is the required prefix that must bedialed to place a directly dialed international call. From the U.S.A. acustomer would dial 011+country code+city/area code+local digits inorder to place an international call. This varies greatly from countryto country. A length of 7 in the description above provides the systemprovider with the capability of serving places like the Caribbean. Theyrequire a standard 7 digit number as a prefix to. (This is just anexample of place in the Caribbean)

Long Distance Access Code—This is the digit or digits that are requiredfor. a user to dial in order to place a long distance call. From theU.S.A., the user would dial a 1+, sometimes called one plus dialing. Inother countries, this varies from a simple 0 to some lengthy digits eg.108 for the Philippines.

Is Long Distance Access Code Required—In some cellular systems, it isnot required that you dial the long distance access code in order toplace a long distance call. In San Francisco, for example, if one wereto call Utah information, all one would have to do is dial 801-555-1212,1-801-555-1212 would also get to the same place. If the long distanceaccess code is required, it will help the accuracy of the billingalgorithm.

Third Party Prefix/Operator/Calling Card—this essentially is the digitsthat must be dialed to reach the operator. In the U.S.A., 0 is the digitnecessary to reach the operator. It also is the digit necessary to placea collect call or credit card call.

Billing Delay—After X seconds have passed, billing will begin. Since thephone does not know exactly when the call has been connected, we have toapproximate this connection. If the call lasts under this X seconds,then the user is not billed for the call. However, if the call lasts Xseconds, then the user is billed from the time they hit SND to END orthe call is dropped.

Home SID—This is the cellular system ID this phone is assigned to.

Home Area Code—This is the area code of the cellular phone number orMIN, Mobile Identification Number.

Base Access Per Minute Charge—This rate is added to every telephone callmade. This is the base rate for the telephone call. The only way thisrate would not be added in is if the Billing Delay had not been reached.

Additional Per Minute Long Distance Charge—This rate is added upon theBase Access rate when the call placed is classified as a long distancecall.

Additional International Per Minute Charge—This rate is added upon theBase Access rate when the call placed is classified as an internationalcall.

Additional Roaming Per Day Charge—This rate is added upon the BaseAccess rate when the call is a roaming call and this charge has not beenalready been applied today.

Additional Roaming Per Minute Charge—This rate is added upon the BaseAccess rate and possible the Additional Roaming Per Day Charge when thecall is a roaming call.

Additional Operator Assistance Charge—This rate is added upon the BaseAccess rate when the call starts with the Third Party Prefix/Operatordigit(s) or is a surcharge for call connects identified as data transfercalls or the like.

Lock Date—This is the date the phone will no longer function on. Thephone will display “DATE-LOCKED” and will not be able to be used untilit is reprogrammed via the HOST or a license number.

Non-Billed Area code—This is an area code or number that is to bebilled. This would be set to 800 for the U.S.A. (NOTE: Only the longdistance part of the charge is not billed)

Last Date Phone Was Roaming—This is used to store the last date thecustomer was charged Roaming Per Day. If a call is roaming and todayisn't equal to the Last Date Phone Was Roaming, then the Roaming Per DayCharge would apply.

Non-Billed Numbers—This is a block of at least 5 numbers of 11 digits inlength that provides the flexibility not to bill for certain phonenumbers called. Numbers like 911 or other special numbers such as *18for roaming. Any Non-Billed Number can also be dialed even if the phoneis out of money or locked. This way, if the user's phone runs out ofmoney in debit mode, the user can use that very phone to call aNon-Billed Number, such as customer support, to increase their credit onthe phone.

Random Number Block—This is a block of numbers ranging from 1000-9999that are used in decoding license numbers.

The basic complex billing algorithm calculates the call charges for thebasic categories of local calls, longs distance calls, internationalcalls and roaming calls. As the algorithm allows compounding ofcategories, the call types are a complex of factors, for example,incoming roaming long distance call. The algorithm is easily expanded tohandle other categories, for example data transfer calls, for whichdeductions or surcharges may apply.

In classifying a call, the following factors are considered which coversvirtually all situations:

Local Call—If the call digit length is less than or equal to the MaximumLocal Digits and the call digit length is greater than or equal to theMinimum Local digits, then this is a local call.

Long Distance Call—First, long distance calls are the most cumbersome toclassify because there are so many possibilities. However, this can beboiled down to a few tests.

If the number starts with the Long Distance Access Code, then subtractthe length of the Long Distance Access Code from the length of the calldigits. (ie. If I dial 1-510-838-2400 the length is 11−1=10)

If the NEWLY calculated call digit length is less than or equal to (theMaximum Local Digits+the Maximum Long Distance Digits) and the calldigit length is greater than or equal to (the Minimum Local Digits+theMinimum Long Distance Digits) then:

If the call does not start with the Long Distance Access Code and theLong Distance Access Code Required flag is set to yes, then this call isnot a legitimate long distance call. (This is helpful in third worlds)

The following special cases are considered:

Is a Call Roaming?

If the SID the phone is currently in when the call is placed is notequal to any of the 5 Home SIDs, then the call is roaming.

Third Party Prefix/Operator Assisted Calls

If any call begins with the Third Party Prefix, then the call is not tobe billed at all.

Billing Delay

If a call lasts under the Billing Delay seconds, then the call is not tobe billed at all.

Date Locking

If the current date is equal or greater than the current Lock Date, thephone should lock and display “DATE-LOCKED”

The following examples provide an overview on the manner calls arecalculated:

M = Number of minutes the call lasted L = Local Call Per Minute ChargeLD = Long Distance Per Minute Charge IT = International Per MinuteCharge RD = Roaming Per Day Charge RM = Roaming Per Minute Charge Local= M * L Long Distance = M * (L + LD) International = M * (L + IT)Incoming Call = M * L Local Roaming Call = M * (L + RM) + RD (If RD hasnot been applied today) Long Distance Roaming = M * (L + RM + LD) + RD(If RD has not been applied today) International Roaming = M * (L + RM +IT) + RD (If RD has not been applied today)

Once a call has been classified, as close to pressing SND as. possible,the charges described above need to be tracked on a minute by minutebasis. One reason might be that if a user gets a dropped call or someunexpected end of a call, the system provider wants to be able to billthe call as close to it can to the number of minutes the user actuallytalked. The phone updates the debit amount every minute on the minuteduring a call. So, for a local call, the minute by minute calculationmight be as follows:

Total Charge=Total Charge+L

The user should be notified by a tone or set of tones in the earpieceand on the phone's screen or by the warning lights if there is less than5 minutes of air time left at the current rate of use.

The mobile phone system of this invention allows over the air activationand dialogue with the phone unit 30 using DTMF signals and the pagingcapability of a mobile phone with a receiver decoder. The currentallowable dollar amount in the internal account of the phone unit canthen be upgraded over the air. During the DTMF dialogue between thecentral processing unit of the system provider and the user's phone, theencrypted license number of the user's phone is transferred andverified. The user's account is checked to determine if upgrade iswarranted or is flagged as a credit risk. The upgrade amount isencrypted and keyed to the encrypted license number and transferred tothe user together with any update of the rate schedule.

When the user exhausts the amount in the internal account in the phoneunit 30, the phone unit is locked, and the display 33 shows“EMPTY-LOCKED.” The phone unit 30 is placed in paging mode enablingcustomer service to be paged for an account upgrade.

Similarly, when the use period expires, the phone unit 30 becomes lockedand the display 33 shows “DATE-LOCKED,” and is placed in paging mode.Where the user has a low account balance, he voluntarily enters pagemode and contacts customer service for an account increase.

If desired, the phone unit when in involuntary paging mode can haverestricted paging function, allowing only contact to the service centerand receipt of a license number. This disables the phone, even as apager and deters theft in the rental environment. Alternately, the phoneunit when locked can retain full paging capabilities.

It is to be understood that all of the data security issues are not hereaddressed and the security measures to be implemented depends on theenvironment of use, and the position of the system provider in theservice network. Upgrades are phone specific and are verified internallyin the phone using parameters unique to the phone unit. The licensenumbers after verification, are not stored or known to the user exceptin encrypted form.

The mobile phone system of this invention provides substantialflexibility by the features described. Phone retailers can sell andactivate phones on site without special equipment. Furthermore, phoneswith internal accounting allow for prepayment of service and call usagecharges permitting the retailer to make credit judgment or cash salesindependent of the service provider. Additionally, the task of thesystem provider can be assumed by the retailer, the service provider oran independent entity that assumes the risk or provides for only cashprepayment transactions.

While, in the foregoing, embodiments of the present invention have beenset forth in considerable detail for the purposes of making a completedisclosure of the invention, it may be apparent to those of skill in theart that numerous changes may be made in such detail without departingfrom the spirit and principles of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. In a debit phone system with a system providerhaving a host processor that maintains accounts for use of mobile phoneunits and stores mobile telephone unit identification information, amobile phone unit with internal accounting for use in a phone networkwherein the mobile phone unit is a unitary hand-held device thatinternally calculates call charges and decrements call charges from adebit account, the mobile phone unit comprising: communication means inthe mobile phone unit for wireless communication in the phone network;internal processing means in the mobile phone unit including aprocessor, a clock and memory for processing calls and call charges;program means retained in the memory of the mobile phone unit includingrate data and a complex billing algorithm with a multiple factoraccounting protocol for classifying calls according to the basiccategories of local calls, long distance calls, international calls androaming calls, applying a call rate according to category, andcalculating call charges as calls are made, the program means furtherincluding internal accounting means for generating an internal debitaccount in the phone unit, wherein the phone unit has means forcommunicating with the system provider and adding an authorized amountto the debit account; wherein the mobile phone unit internallycalculates call charges and decrements the calculated call charges fromthe amount in the debit account in the mobile phone unit as calls aremade and wherein, to add amounts to the debit account, the mobile phoneunit further includes phone unit identification information to betransmitted for verification by the system provider using the hostprocessor, which host processor also verifies that a phone use accountamount addable to the debit account of the identified phone unit hasbeen prepaid; and locking means for preventing calls from the phone unitwhen the amount in the debit account is exhausted.
 2. The mobile phoneunit of claim 1 wherein the program means further includes means forstoring call charges as record data in the memory.
 3. The mobile phoneunit of claim 2 wherein the mobile phone unit has means for acommunication session being initiated by the host processor at a timecontrolled by the system provider and communicating the record data ofstored call charges from the mobile phone unit to the host processor ofthe system provider.
 4. The mobile phone unit of claim 1 wherein themobile phone unit has means for receiving an increase in the amount ofthe debit account in the mobile phone unit during a communicationsession with the host processor.
 5. The mobile phone unit of claim 4wherein the mobile phone unit has an RF transceiver and thecommunication session is established over the airways by RF signals. 6.The mobile phone system of claim 1 wherein the mobile phone unit hascontrol means for deactivating the mobile phone unit when the debitaccount is exhausted.
 7. The mobile phone system of claim 6 wherein themobile phone unit has paging means for establishing a communicationsession with the host processor when the phone unit is deactivated. 8.The mobile phone unit of claim 1 wherein the mobile phone unit has meansfor establishing a communication session with a transaction station andupon verification of a set payment account amount by the transactionstation increasing the amount of the debit account in the mobile phoneunit.
 9. The mobile phone unit of claim 8 wherein a transaction stationhas means for communicating with a system user and with the mobile phoneunit of the system user and verifying the authenticity of a transactionsetting an account amount added to the debit account of the mobile phoneunit.
 10. The mobile phone unit of claim 9 wherein the mobile phone unitincludes means for direct electronic coupling of the mobile phone unitwith the transaction station.
 11. The mobile phone unit of claim 10 incombination with a transaction station.
 12. The mobile phone unit ofclaim 1 wherein the mobile phone unit has security means for securelyreceiving an account amount to be added to the debit account in themobile phone unit.
 13. The mobile phone unit of claim 9 wherein thesecurity means includes code means for receiving encrypted accountcommunications and decrypting the account communications.
 14. The mobilephone unit of claim 1 wherein the mobile phone unit includes a visualdisplay and the program means generates a visual display of the currentamount of the debit account in the visual display.
 15. The mobile phoneunit of claim 1 wherein the rate data comprises a rate table undercontrol of the system provider and secure from a mobile phone unit user.16. The mobile phone unit of claim 1 wherein the multiple factoraccounting protocol includes code means for factoring in the roamingcharges based on the location of the mobile phone unit in a multi-zonecommunication network.
 17. The mobile phone unit of claim 1 wherein themultiple factor accounting protocol includes code means for factoring in(call) the roaming charges based on the location of the mobile phoneunit in a multi-zone communication network when called.
 18. The mobilephone unit of claim 1 wherein the multiple factor accounting protocolincludes code means for factoring in long distance charges based on alocation of a party being called.
 19. The mobile phone unit of claim 1wherein the multiple factor accounting protocol includes code means forfactoring in call surcharges and deductions based on a data content of acall.
 20. The mobile phone unit of claim 1 wherein the multiple factoraccounting protocol includes code means for classifying calls forcalculating call charges based on a telephone number called from themobile phone unit.
 21. The mobile phone unit of claim 1 wherein theclock of the mobile phone unit is a real time clock and the multiplefactor accounting protocol includes code means for calculating callcharges based on the time of day of calls on the mobile phone unit. 22.The mobile phone unit of claim 21 wherein the real time clock providestime and date, and the phone unit has circuit means for deactivating thephone unit at a predetermined time and date.
 23. The mobile phone unitof claim 22, wherein the transaction station is a stand alone unitelectronically coupled to the phone unit.
 24. The mobile unit of claim 1in combination with the host processor wherein the host processor hasmeans for remote activation of the mobile phone unit.
 25. The mobilephone unit of claim 24 wherein the host processor has means for remoteprogramming of the mobile phone unit.
 26. A debit telephone systemcomprising: a plurality of cordless hand-held mobile telephone units,wherein each of said hand-held mobile telephone units includes aprocessor, memory and internal accounting software, said internalaccounting software including a debit account with a representation ofprepaid funds, a plurality of charge rates and a billing algorithm whichclassifies each telephone call into one of a plurality of billingcategories, selects a charge rate corresponding to that billingcategory, calculates an appropriate charge for that telephone call inreal time by using said selected charge rate and subtracts thisappropriate charge from said debit account; a system provider having ahost processor for coordination of mobile phone accounts, wherein saidhost processor stores mobile telephone unit information including mobiletelephone unit identification information, operating codes needed formobile telephone unit activation and operating codes needed forreplenishing mobile telephone unit debit accounts whereby, upon receiptof mobile telephone unit identification information from a particularmobile telephone unit or its user, said host processor ascertains theoperating codes needed to activate that particular mobile telephone unitor to replenish its debit account, whereupon said operating codes arecommunicated to the particular mobile phone unit or its user.
 27. Thedebit telephone system of claim 26 wherein said billing categoriesinclude billing categories for local calls and long distance calls. 28.The debit telephone system of claim 26 wherein said billing categoriesinclude billing categories for roaming calls.
 29. The debit telephonesystem of claim 26 wherein said billing categories include billingcategories for local calls, long distance calls, roaming calls andinternational calls.
 30. The debit telephone system of claim 26 whereinsaid billing categories include billing categories for calls placedwithin the United States and calls made internationally.
 31. The debittelephone system of claim 26 wherein the charge rates corresponding toeach billing category are different.
 32. The debit telephone system ofclaim 26 wherein the charge rates corresponding to different billingcategories may be the same.
 33. The debit telephone system of claim 26wherein the host processor stored operating codes are communicated tothe user by a system provider operator who has access to said hostprocessor.
 34. The debit telephone system of claim 36 wherein the userenters the operating codes into the mobile telephone unit by manuallypunching keys on the mobile telephone unit.
 35. The debit telephonesystem of claim 26 wherein the host processor stored operating codes arecommunicated over the airwaves directly from the host processor to themobile telephone unit.
 36. The debit telephone system of claim 26wherein calls are prevented from being made when the debit account has azero balance.
 37. The debit telephone system of claim 26 furtherincluding a visual display of the debit account balance.
 38. The debittelephone system of claim 26 wherein said mobile telephone unit furtherincludes a real time clock chip.
 39. A debit telephone systemcomprising: a plurality of cordless hand-held mobile telephone units,wherein each of said hand-held mobile telephone units includes aprocessor, memory and internal accounting software, said internalaccounting software including a debit account with a representation ofprepaid funds, a plurality of charge rates and a billing algorithm whichcan classify each telephone call into one of a plurality of billingcategories including categories for local calls, long distance calls androaming calls, select a charge rate corresponding to that billingcategory, calculate an appropriate charge for that telephone call inreal time by using said selected charge rate and subtract thisappropriate charge from said debit account; a system provider having ahost processor for coordination of mobile phone accounts, wherein saidhost processor stores mobile telephone unit information including mobiletelephone unit identification information, operating codes needed formobile telephone unit activation and operating codes needed forreplenishing mobile telephone unit debit accounts whereby, upon receiptof mobile telephone unit identification information from a particularmobile telephone unit or its user, said host processor ascertains theoperating codes needed to activate that particular mobile telephone unitor to replenish its debit account, whereupon said operating codes arethen communicated to the particular mobile phone unit or its user. 40.The debit telephone system of claim 39 wherein the host processorgenerated operating codes are communicated to the user by a systemprovider operator who has access to said host processor.
 41. The debittelephone system of claim 40 wherein the user enters the operating codesinto the mobile phone unit by manually punching keys on the mobile phoneunit.
 42. The debit telephone system of claim 39 wherein the hostprocessor stored operating codes are communicated over the airwavesdirectly from the host processor to the mobile telephone unit.
 43. Thedebit telephone system of claim 39 wherein calls will be prevented frombeing made when the debit account has a zero balance.
 44. The debittelephone system of claim 39 further including a visual display of thedebit account balance.
 45. A debit telephone system comprising: aplurality of cordless hand-held mobile telephone units, wherein each ofsaid hand-held mobile telephone units includes a processor, memory andinternal accounting software, said internal accounting softwareincluding a debit account with a representation of prepaid funds, aplurality of charge rates and a billing algorithm which can classifyeach telephone call into one of a plurality of billing categories,select a charge rate corresponding to that billing category, calculatean appropriate charge for that telephone call in real time by using saidselected charge rate and subtract this appropriate charge from saiddebit account; a system provider having a host processor forcoordination of mobile phone accounts, said host processor stores mobiletelephone unit information including mobile telephone unitidentification information, assignable telephone numbers, operatingcodes needed for mobile telephone unit activation and operating codesneeded for replenishing mobile telephone unit debit accounts whereby,upon receipt of mobile telephone unit identification information from aparticular mobile telephone unit or its user and, at the time ofactivation, information identifying the user's locale, said hostprocessor ascertains the operating codes needed to activate thatparticular mobile telephone unit or to replenish its debit account and,at the time of activation, ascertains an assignable telephone numberwhich corresponds to the mobile telephone user's locale, whereupon saidoperating codes and assignable telephone number are communicated to theparticular mobile phone unit or its user.
 46. A debit telephone systemcomprising: a plurality of cordless hand-held mobile telephone units,wherein each of said hand-held mobile telephone units includes aprocessor, memory and internal accounting software, said internalaccounting software including a debit account with a representation ofprepaid funds, a plurality of charge rates and a billing algorithm whichcan classify each telephone call into one of a plurality of billingcategories including categories for local, long distance and roamingtelephone calls, select a charge rate corresponding to that billingcategory, calculate an appropriate charge for that telephone call inreal time by using said selected charge rate and subtract thisappropriate charge from said debit account; a system provider having ahost processor for coordination of mobile phone accounts, said hostprocessor stores mobile telephone unit information including mobiletelephone unit identification information, assignable telephone numbers,operating codes needed for mobile telephone unit activation andoperating codes needed for replenishing mobile telephone unit debitaccounts whereby, upon receipt of mobile telephone unit identificationinformation from a particular mobile telephone unit or its user and, atthe time of activation, information identifying the user's locale, saidhost processor ascertains the operating codes needed to activate thatparticular mobile telephone unit or to replenish its debit account and,at the time of activation, ascertains an assignable telephone numberwhich corresponds to the mobile telephone user's locale, whereupon saidoperating codes and assignable telephone number are then communicated tothe particular mobile phone unit or its user.